Hospital Resource Optimization and Operational Efficiency Through Business Process Reengineering
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66084/ebmj.v3i01.596Keywords:
business process reengineering, hospital efficiency, resource optimization, workforce utilization, hospital managementAbstract
Background: Hospitals are increasingly challenged to improve operational efficiency while maintaining service quality amid limited resources, rising costs, and growing patient demand. In this context, Business Process Reengineering (BPR) has emerged as a strategic approach for fundamentally redesigning hospital processes to improve resource utilization and organizational performance.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the role of BPR in improving hospital resource optimization and operational efficiency, with emphasis on workforce utilization, facility management, and process performance.
Methods: A literature review was conducted using four scientific databases: Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Articles published between 2020 and 2025 in English, full-text, and peer-reviewed were included. From 245 initial records, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed narratively.
Results: BPR consistently improved hospital efficiency through reduced waiting time, shorter process cycles, lower pharmacy management costs, improved bed turnover, reduced operating room idle time, and better workforce redistribution. Indonesian studies mainly highlighted administrative workflow improvement, pharmacy systems, and digital registration, while studies from the Middle East and Asia emphasized inter-unit coordination and facility utilization. Management commitment, staff involvement, and digital integration were the most frequently identified success factors.
Conclusion: BPR remains an effective strategic intervention for optimizing hospital resources. Its impact is stronger when process redesign is integrated with digital transformation and supported by organizational readiness.
References
Alowad, A., Samaranayake, P., Ahsan, K., Alidrisi, H., & Karim, A. (2021). Enhancing patient flow in emergency department (ED) using lean strategies–an integrated voice of customer and voice of process perspective. Business Process Management Journal, 27(1), 75–105.
Bhaskar, H. L., & Singh, R. P. (2014). Business process reengineering: a recent review. Bhaskar, HL, and Singh, RP (2014). Business Process Reengineering: A Recent Review. Global Journal of Business Management, 8(2), 24–51.
Dursun, M., Fındık, S. S., & Goker, N. (2021). Business process reengineering in health-care sector: application for the central sterilization unit. Kybernetes, 51(2), 715–744. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1108/K-11-2020-0777
Elapatha, V. W., & Jehan, S. N. (2020). An analysis of the implementation of business process re-engineering in public services. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 114.
Fetais, A., Abdella, G. M., Al-Khalifa, K. N., & Hamouda, A. M. (2022). Business Process Re-Engineering: A Literature Review-Based Analysis of Implementation Measures. In Information (Vol. 13, Issue 4, p. 185). https://doi.org/10.3390/info13040185
Hammer, M., & Champy, J. (2009). Reengineering the corporation: Manifesto for business revolution, a. Zondervan.
Juliansyah, R., Aqid, B. M., Salsabila, A. P., & Nurfiyanti, K. (2024). Implementation of EMR system in Indonesian health facilities: benefits and constraints. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2410.12226.
Lanang Triana, I. K. D., Agustina, P. D. C., Febrian, R., Wiadnya, I. D. G. P., & Paramarta, V. (2024). Role of Artificial Intelligence in Developing Hospital Information Management Systems. JMMR (Jurnal Medicoeticolegal Dan Manajemen Rumah Sakit), 13(1), 130–141. https://doi.org/10.18196/jmmr.v13i1.127
Liu, W., Li, T., Lu, M., & Shi, P. (2025). Dynamic Redeployment of Nurses Across Hospitals: A Sample Robust Optimization Approach. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2509.07387.
Nazaria, R., Wijaya, I. M. S., Pranudia, A. D., Wirawan, D., Male, H. D. C., & Veranita, M. (2024). Business process reengineering in hospitals: a literature review of related methodologies and approaches. Radinka Journal of Science and Systematic Literature Review, 2(1), 262–270.
